3.5. Enum StrEnum

• Flag

• Flag

• IntFlag

Flags have an expanded view of aliasing: to be canonical, the value of a flag needs to be a power-of-two value, and not a duplicate name. So, in addition to the Enum definition of alias, a flag with no value (a.k.a. 0) or with more than one power-of-two value (e.g. 3) is considered an alias.

>>> from enum import IntFlag

>>> class Perm(IntFlag):
...     R = 4
...     W = 2
...     X = 1

>>> Perm.R | Perm.W
<Perm.R|W: 6>
>>>
>>> Perm.R + Perm.W
6
>>>
>>> RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
>>> Perm.R in RW
True

3.5.1. SetUp

>>> from enum import Enum, Flag, IntFlag, FlagBoundary, auto

3.5.2. Example

>>> class Color(Flag):
...     RED = auto()
...     GREEN = auto()
...     BLUE = auto()
...     WHITE = RED | BLUE | GREEN
...     MAGENTA = RED | BLUE
...     YELLOW = RED | GREEN
...     CYAN = GREEN | BLUE

>>> Color.WHITE
<Color.WHITE: 7>
>>>
>>> Color.GREEN in Color.WHITE
True

>>> purple = Color.RED | Color.BLUE
>>>
>>> Color.GREEN in purple
False
>>>
>>> purple in Color.WHITE
True
>>>
>>> Color.WHITE in purple
False

3.5.3. FlagBoundary

FlagBoundary controls how out-of-range values are handled in Flag and its subclasses.

3.5.4. STRICT

Out-of-range values cause a ValueError to be raised. This is the default for Flag:

>>> from enum import Flag, STRICT

>>> class StrictFlag(Flag, boundary=STRICT):
...     RED = auto()
...     GREEN = auto()
...     BLUE = auto()

>>> StrictFlag(2**2 + 2**4)
Traceback (most recent call last):
ValueError: <flag 'StrictFlag'> invalid value 20
    given 0b0 10100
  allowed 0b0 00111

3.5.5. CONFORM

Out-of-range values have invalid values removed, leaving a valid Flag value:

>>> from enum import Flag, CONFORM

>>> class ConformFlag(Flag, boundary=CONFORM):
...     RED = auto()
...     GREEN = auto()
...     BLUE = auto()

>>> ConformFlag(2**2 + 2**4)
<ConformFlag.BLUE: 4>

3.5.6. EJECT

Out-of-range values lose their Flag membership and revert to int. This is the default for IntFlag:

>>> from enum import Flag, EJECT

>>> class EjectFlag(Flag, boundary=EJECT):
...     RED = auto()
...     GREEN = auto()
...     BLUE = auto()

>>> EjectFlag(2**2 + 2**4)
20

3.5.7. KEEP

Out-of-range values are kept, and the Flag membership is kept. This is used for some stdlib flags:

>>> from enum import Flag, KEEP

>>> class KeepFlag(Flag, boundary=KEEP):
...     RED = auto()
...     GREEN = auto()
...     BLUE = auto()

>>> KeepFlag(2**2 + 2**4)
<KeepFlag.BLUE|16: 20>